situated on the

castrum, i, n. [kindred with casa, q. v.].

In sing., any fortified place; a castle, fort, fortress (more rare than castellum):

ei Grunium dederat in Phrygiā castrum, etc.,

Nep. Alcib. 9, 3; Liv. 32. 29, 4; Dig. 27, 1, 17 fin. —

Esp., nom. propr.

Castrum Altum or Album, in Hispania Tarraconensis, Liv. 24, 41, 3.—

Castrum Inui, or simply Castrum, an ancient city of the Rutuli, near Ardea, Verg. A. 6, 775;

called Castrum,

Ov. M. 15, 727; Sil. 8, 359. —

Castrum Novum, a city on the seacoast of Etruria, Liv. 36, 3, 6; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 51.—

Another Castrum Novum, on the sea-coast of Picenum, now Giulia Nova, [p. 299] Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110; also called absol. Castrum, Vell. 1, 14, 8.—

Castrum Truentinum, a maritime city of Picenum, on the river Truentus, Cic. Att. 8, 12, B, 1;

also called Truentum,

Plin. 3, 13, 18, § 110.—

Castrum Vergium, a fortress of the Bergistani in Hispania Tarraconensis, now Berga, Liv. 34, 21, 1.—Far more freq.,

In plur.: castra, ōrum, n. ( castra, ae, f.: castra haec vestra est, Att. ap. Non. p. 200, 30; Trag. Rel. p. 238 Rib.).

Lit., several soldiers ' tents situated together; hence, a military camp, an encampment; among the Romans a square (quadrata);

later, after the manner of the Greeks, sometimes circular, or adjusted to its situation,

Veg. Mil. 1, 23. It was surrounded by a trench (fossa) and a wall (vallum), and had four gates: Porta Praetoria, the front, chief gate, on the opp. side from the enemy, from which the legions marched; opp. to this, Porta Decumana (in later times Porta Quaestoria), the back gate;

Porta Principalis Dextra, and Porta Principalis Sinistra, situated on the two sides of the camp,

Liv. 40, 27, 4 sq.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—

Phrases.

With adj.:

stativa,

occupied for a long time, permanent, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29; Caes. B. C. 3, 30; 3, 37; Sall. J. 44, 4; Tac. A. 3, 21:

aestiva,

summer camp, id. ib. 1, 16; Suet. Claud. 1:

hiberna,

Liv. 29, 35, 13 (more freq. absol. aestiva and hiberna, q. v.):

navalia,

an encampment on the shore for protecting the fleet and the troops while landing; sometimes connected with the ships drawn to land, Caes. B. G. 5, 22 Herz.; cf. id. ib. 5, 11; Liv. 29, 35, 13;

called also nautica,

Nep. Alcib. 8, 5; id. Hann. 11, 6 (cf. id. ib. § 4; Liv. 44, 39): lunata, crescent-shaped, Auct. B. Afr. 80.—With numerals:

una,

Tac. A. 4, 2:

bina,

Cic. Phil. 12, 11, 27; Liv. 4, 27, 3:

quina,

Caes. B. C. 3, 9.—

With verb:

locum castris antecapere,

Sall. J. 50, 1; cf.:

capere locum castris,

Liv. 4, 27, 3; 9, 17, 15;

and montes castris capere,

Tac. A. 12, 55: castra metari, Cael. ap. Non. p. 137, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 3; Hirt. B. G. 8, 15 al.:

facere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; Nep. Milt. 5, 2; Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 12, § 29 al.:

ponere,

Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 35; Nep. Hann. 5 fin.:

ponere et munire,

Sall. J. 75, 7:

munire,

Caes. B. G. 1, 49; Liv. 44, 39, 1:

communire,

Caes. B. G. 5, 49; Liv. 23, 28, 3:

castra castris conferre,

id. 10, 32, 5; 23, 28, 9:

castris se tenere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40, 8:

castra movere,

to break up, to decamp, id. ib. 1, 39 fin.; also syn. with to march forth from a camp, id. ib. 1, 15 Herz.; 1, 22; 2, 2; Sall. C. 57, 3; Nep. Dat. 8, 4; id. Eum. 12 fin. et saep.—Hence, also, promovere, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:

movere retro,

Liv. 2, 58, 3:

removere,

id. 9, 24, 4:

proferre,

Caes. B. C. 1, 81:

castris castra inferre,

Enn. Trag. 201 Vahl.—

Castra Praetoriana, Praetoria, Urbana or simply Castra, the barracks of the Prœtorians in the suburbs of Rome, Suet. Tib. 37; id. Claud. 21; Tac. A. 4, 2; Suet. Aug. 29; id. Claud. 36; Dig. 48, 5, 15. —

Castrorum filius, a surname of Caligula, who was brought up in the camp, Suet. Calig. 22; Aur. Vict. Caes. 3.—So, Castrorum mater, an appellation of Faustina, the wife of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, because she accompanied him in an expedition against the Quadi, Capitol. Marc. Aur. 26.—Hence both appell. in later inscriptions as titles of the Roman emperors and empresses. —

Esp. as nom. propr., like castrum.

Castra Corneliana or Cornelia, on the north coast of Africa, near Utica, so called because the elder Scipio Africanus first pitched his camp there, after his landing in Africa, in the second Punic war, Caes. B. C. 2, 24; 2, 25; 2, 37; Mel. 1, 7, 2; Plin. 5, 4, 3, § 24.—

Castra Caecilia, in Lusitania, Plin. 4, 22, 35, § 117.—

Castra Hannibalis, a seaport town in Bruttium, Plin. 3, 10, 15, § 95.—

Castra Pyrrhi, a place in Grecian Illyria, Liv. 32, 13, 2.—

Castra Vetera or Vetera, a place on the Lower Rhine, now Xanthen, Tac. H. 4, 18; 4, 21; 4, 35; id. A. 1, 45.—

Castra Alexandri, a district in Egypt, Curt. 4, 7, 2; Oros. 1, 2.—

Meton.

Since, in military expeditions, a camp was pitched each evening, in the histt. (esp. Livy) for a day ' s march:

secundis castris ( = bidui itinere) pervenit ad Dium,

Liv. 44, 7, 1; so Tac. H. 3, 15; cf.:

alteris castris,

Liv. 38, 13, 2; Curt. 3, 7.—

So tertiis castris,

Liv. 38, 13, 11; 38, 24, 1; Tac. H. 4, 71:

quartis castris,

Liv. 44, 46, 10:

quintis castris,

Caes. B. G. 7, 36; Liv. 28, 19, 4:

septimis castris,

id. 40, 22, 1:

decimis castris,

id. 27, 32 fin.; 28, 33, 1.—

Military service (hence, often opp. forum and toga), Nep. Epam. 5, 4; Vell. 2, 125, 4; Tib. 4, 1, 39:

qui magnum in castris usum habebant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39.—

Of beehives:

cerea,

Verg. A. 12, 589:

in apium castris,

Pall. 1, 37, 4.—

Of a sheepfold, Col. 6, 23, 3.—

Of political parties, regarded as arrayed in hostility:

si ad interdicti sententiam confugis... in meis castris praesidiisque versaris,

Cic. Caecin. 29, 83.—

Of philosophical sects:

Epicuri castra,

Cic. Fam. 9, 20, 1:

O castra praeclara (Epicuri)!

id. ib. 7, 12, 1; Hor. C. 3, 16, 23; Sen. Ep. 2, 4.

Hespĕrus or - os, i, m., = Hesperos (the evening; pure Lat., with the digamma, vesper; hence transf.), the evening star, Hesperus; acc. to the myth, the son of Cephalus and Aurora; cf. Hyg. Astr. 2, 42; or, acc. to another myth, the son of Iapetus and Asia, and brother of Atlas; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 530, and 4, 484: infima est quinque errantium terraeque proxima stella Veneris, quae phôsphoros Graece, Latine dicitur Lucifer, cum antegreditur solem, cum subsequitur autem Hesperos, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

illam non veniens Aurora Cessantem vidit, non Hesperus,

Ov. M. 5, 441; id. F. 2, 314; cf. id. ib. 5, 419:

ite domum saturae, venit Hesperus, ite capellae,

Verg. E. 10, 77.—

Derivv.

Hespĕrĭus, a, um, adj., of or situated towards the west, western, Hesperian.

Adj.: Hesperium fretum, the western ocean, Ov. M. 11, 258:

litus,

id. ib. 2, 142:

undae,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 20:

axis,

Ov. M. 4, 214; cf.:

constitit Hesperio, regnis Atlantis, in orbe,

id. ib. 4, 628:

imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 16: rex, i. e. Atlas or Hesperus, Ov. de Nuce, 111:

Hesperios amnes, Rhenum Rhodanumque Padumque, etc.,

western, id. M. 2, 258: et terram Hesperiam venies, the land of the west, i. e. Italy (because situated to the west of the Trojans), Verg. A. 2, 781; cf. in the foll. 2.; so of Italy:

Latium,

id. ib. 7, 601:

fluctus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 26:

ruina,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

duces,

Luc. 5, 703.—Hence,

Subst.: Hespĕria, ae, f. (sc. terra), the land of the west, Hesperia; poet. for Italy or Spain: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.);

imitated by Vergil: est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,

Verg. A. 1, 530; so of Italy, Hor. C. 3, 6, 8; 4, 5, 38; Luc. 1, 224 al.:

qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima, etc.,

i. e. Spain, Hor. C. 1, 36, 4.—

Hespĕris, ĭdis, f., of evening or the west, western, Hesperian.

Adj.: corniger Hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum (Tibris), i. e. Italian (cf. above), Verg. A. 8, 77. —Hence,

Subst.

Hespĕris, ĭdis, f., the queen's gilliflower, Hesperis tristis, Linn.:

hesperis noctu magis olet, inde nomine invento,

Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39.—

He-spĕrĭdes, um, f.

The Hesperides, daughters of Hesperus, or of Erebus and Nox, who, on an island beyond Mount Atlas, watched a garden with golden apples, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6; Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Mel. 3, 1, 3; Hyg. Fab. praef.; Ov. M. 11, 114; Lucr. 5, 32:

Hesperidum mala, poma,

Verg. E. 6, 61; Stat. S. 3, 1, 158:

Hesperidum serpens,

Juv. 14, 114.—

A group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Mel. 3, 10, 3;

called also: Hesperidum insulae,

Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 201.

Hespĕrus or - os, i, m., = Hesperos (the evening; pure Lat., with the digamma, vesper; hence transf.), the evening star, Hesperus; acc. to the myth, the son of Cephalus and Aurora; cf. Hyg. Astr. 2, 42; or, acc. to another myth, the son of Iapetus and Asia, and brother of Atlas; cf. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 530, and 4, 484: infima est quinque errantium terraeque proxima stella Veneris, quae phôsphoros Graece, Latine dicitur Lucifer, cum antegreditur solem, cum subsequitur autem Hesperos, Cic. N. D. 2, 20, 53:

illam non veniens Aurora Cessantem vidit, non Hesperus,

Ov. M. 5, 441; id. F. 2, 314; cf. id. ib. 5, 419:

ite domum saturae, venit Hesperus, ite capellae,

Verg. E. 10, 77.—

Derivv.

Hespĕrĭus, a, um, adj., of or situated towards the west, western, Hesperian.

Adj.: Hesperium fretum, the western ocean, Ov. M. 11, 258:

litus,

id. ib. 2, 142:

undae,

Hor. C. 2, 17, 20:

axis,

Ov. M. 4, 214; cf.:

constitit Hesperio, regnis Atlantis, in orbe,

id. ib. 4, 628:

imperi Porrecta majestas ad ortus Solis ab Hesperio cubili,

Hor. C. 4, 15, 16: rex, i. e. Atlas or Hesperus, Ov. de Nuce, 111:

Hesperios amnes, Rhenum Rhodanumque Padumque, etc.,

western, id. M. 2, 258: et terram Hesperiam venies, the land of the west, i. e. Italy (because situated to the west of the Trojans), Verg. A. 2, 781; cf. in the foll. 2.; so of Italy:

Latium,

id. ib. 7, 601:

fluctus,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 26:

ruina,

id. ib. 2, 1, 32:

duces,

Luc. 5, 703.—Hence,

Subst.: Hespĕria, ae, f. (sc. terra), the land of the west, Hesperia; poet. for Italy or Spain: est locus, Hesperiam quam mortales perhibebant, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1 (Ann. v. 23 Vahl.);

imitated by Vergil: est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt,

Verg. A. 1, 530; so of Italy, Hor. C. 3, 6, 8; 4, 5, 38; Luc. 1, 224 al.:

qui nunc Hesperia sospes ab ultima, etc.,

i. e. Spain, Hor. C. 1, 36, 4.—

Hespĕris, ĭdis, f., of evening or the west, western, Hesperian.

Adj.: corniger Hesperidum fluvius regnator aquarum (Tibris), i. e. Italian (cf. above), Verg. A. 8, 77. —Hence,

Subst.

Hespĕris, ĭdis, f., the queen's gilliflower, Hesperis tristis, Linn.:

hesperis noctu magis olet, inde nomine invento,

Plin. 21, 7, 18, § 39.—

He-spĕrĭdes, um, f.

The Hesperides, daughters of Hesperus, or of Erebus and Nox, who, on an island beyond Mount Atlas, watched a garden with golden apples, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 6; Cic. N. D. 3, 17, 44; Mel. 3, 1, 3; Hyg. Fab. praef.; Ov. M. 11, 114; Lucr. 5, 32:

Hesperidum mala, poma,

Verg. E. 6, 61; Stat. S. 3, 1, 158:

Hesperidum serpens,

Juv. 14, 114.—

A group of islands in the Atlantic Ocean, Mel. 3, 10, 3;

called also: Hesperidum insulae,

Plin. 6, 31, 36, § 201.

specto, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. a. [id.], to look at, behold; to gaze at, watch, observe, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: adspicio, speculor, conspicor, contueor).

Lit.

In gen.

With acc.:

speculum a speciendo, quod ibi se spectant,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 129 Müll.; cf. id. ib. 6, §

82 ib.: si vis videre ludos jucundissimos... amores tuos si vis spectare,

Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 81:

spectare aliquid et visere,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

taceas, me spectes,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 90:

quid illas spectas?

id. Rud. 3, 4, 54; id. Am. 1, 1, 268:

ere, ne me spectes,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 18:

corpora,

Lucr. 4, 1102:

ingentes acervos,

Hor. C. 2, 2, 24:

gaude quod spectant oculi te mille loquentem,

id. Ep. 1, 6, 19:

cum modo me spectas oculis protervis,

Ov. H. 16 (17), 77:

spectari tergo,

id. A. A. 3, 774:

Zoroaster primus siderum motus diligentissime spectasse dicitur,

Just. 1, 1, 9.—

With rel.clause:

tacitus te sequor, Spectans quas tu res hoc ornatu geras,

Plaut. Bacch. 1, 2, 2:

specta quam arcte dormiunt,

id. Most. 3, 2, 144; cf.:

saepe tui, specto, si sint in litore passus,

Ov. H. 18 (19), 27.—

Absol.:

vise, specta tuo arbitratu,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 106: Am. Sosia, age me huc aspice. So. Specto, id. Am. 2, 2, 119:

quam magis specto, minus placet mihi hominis facies,

id. Trin. 4, 2, 19:

alte spectare,

Cic. Rep. 6, 23, 25:

populo spectante,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 60.—

With ad, in, per, or adv. of place:

spectare ad carceris oras,

Enn. Ann. 1, 102:

quaeso huc ad me specta,

Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 149; so, ad me, Afran. ap. Isid. Orig. 12, 8, 16:

ad dexteram,

Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1:

tota domus, quae spectat in nos solos,

Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58:

ego limis specto Sic per flabellum clanculum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 53:

quoquo hic spectabit, eo tu spectato simul,

Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 69.—

Impers. pass. with subj. or final clause:

cum plausu congregari feros (pisces) ad cibum assuetudine, in quibusdam vivariis spectetur,

Plin. 10, 70, 89, § 193:

spectandum ne quoi anulum det,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 33. —

With inf.:

spectet currere Gangem,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 629:

minaces ire per caelum faces specta,

id. ib. 325.—

In partic.

To look at or see (a play or an actor) as a spectator, to look on:

fabulam,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 37:

Megalesia,

Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22; Hor. A. P. 190:

ludos,

id. S. 2, 6, 48; 2, 8, 79; id. Ep. 2, 1, 203; Suet. Aug. 40; 53 al.:

Circenses,

id. ib. 45; id. Claud. 4:

pugiles,

id. Aug. 45:

artifices saltationis,

id. Tit. 7 al. —With inf.:

spectavi ego pridem Comicos ad istum modum Sapienter dicta dicere atque is plaudier,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 7, 23:

matronae tacitae spectent, tacitae rideant,

id. Poen. prol. 32:

jam hic deludetur (Amphitruo), spectatores, vobis spectantibus,

id. Am. 3, 4, 15; cf. id. ib. prol. 151. —Hence, very often in inscrr. and tesseris: GLADIATORIIS SP., i. e. spectatus, of a gladiator who had stood the first public fight, Inscr. Orell. 2561 sq.; cf.: Morcelli delle tessere degli spettacoli Roma, Becker, Antiq. 4, p. 562.—

Of localities, to look, face, lie, be situated towards any quarter (syn.: prospicio, vergo); constr. usu. with ad, in, inter, etc., or an adv. of place; less freq. with acc.:

(hujus insulae) alter angulus ad orientem solem, inferior ad meridiem spectat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; so,

ad orientem solem,

id. ib. 7, 69:

ad fretum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 66, § 169:

ager, qui in ventum Favonium spectet,

Varr. R. R. 1, 24, 1:

in urbem... in Etruriam,

Liv. 5, 5;

v. also infra: Aquitania spectat inter occasum solis et septentriones,

is situated to the north - west, Caes. B. G. 1, 1 fin.: quare fit, ut introversus et ad te Spectent atque ferant vestigia se omnia prorsus, Lucil. ap. Non. 402, 7; cf.:

ut ora eorum deorsum spectent,

Col. 12, 16, 4:

vestigia Omnia te adversum spectantia, nulla retrorsum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 75:

quo (villae) spectent porticibus,

Varr. R. R. 1, 4, 4: Creta altior est, quā spectat orientem, Sall. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 23 (H. 3, 58 Dietsch):

Acarnania solem occidentem et mare Siculum spectat,

Liv. 33, 17, 5:

mediterranea regio est, orientem spectat,

id. 25, 9, 10; 30, 25, 11:

quae et Tanaim et Bactra spectant,

Curt. 7, 7, 4; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 15; Vell. 1, 11, 3:

ab eo latere, quo (Gadis) Hispaniam spectat,

Plin. 4, 21, 36, § 120; 6, 17, 20, § 53.— Transf., of nations:

Belgae spectant in septentriones et orientem solem,

Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 6:

Masaesyli in regionem Hispaniae spectant,

Liv. 28, 17.—

To examine, try, test:

(argentum) dare spectandum,

Plaut. Pers. 3, 3, 35:

ut fulvum spectatur in ignibus aurum, Tempore sic duro est inspicienda fides,

Ov. Tr. 1, 5, 25; cf.:

qui pecuniā non movetur... hunc igni spectatum arbitrantur,

as having stood the test of fire, Cic. Off. 2, 11, 38; cf. spectatio, I. B., and spectator, I. B.—

Trop.

In gen., to look at, behold, see, regard, consider (very rare):

specta rem modo!

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14:

audaciam meretricum specta,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 24:

importunitatem spectate aniculae,

id. And. 1, 4, 4:

suave, E terrā magnum alterius spectare laborem,

Lucr. 2, 2: caeli signorum admirabilem ordinem spectat, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 402, 17:

ad te unum omnis mea spectat oratio,

Cic. Deiot. 2, 5.—

In partic.

To look to a thing, as to an end or guide of action; hence, to have in view, bear in mind; to aim, strive, or endeavor after; to meditate; to tend, incline, refer, pertain, or have regard to a thing (freq. and class.;

syn.: contendo, pertineo, tendo): juvenes magna spectare et ad ea rectis studiis debent contendere,

Cic. Off. 2, 13, 45:

nec commune bonum poterant spectare,

Lucr. 5, 958:

rem, non hominem, spectari oportere,

Auct. Her. 1, 6, 9:

nihil spectat nisi fugam,

Cic. Att. 8, 7, 1:

Pompeius statuisse videtur, quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

id. Mil. 6, 15:

nos ea, quae sunt in usu vitāque communi, non ea quae finguntur aut optantur spectare debemus,

id. Lael. 5, 18:

ingenti consensu defectionem omnes spectare,

Liv. 22, 22, 21:

arma et bellum,

id. 3, 69, 2:

Romani, desperatā ope humanā, fata et deos spectabant,

id. 5, 16, 8; Curt. 9, 7, 2; Just. 13, 1, 8:

tota domus quae spectat in nos solos,

relies on, Cic. Off. 1, 17, 58:

in philosophiā res spectatur, non verba penduntur,

id. Or. 16, 51:

mores,

id. Off. 2, 20, 69; so (with sequi) id. de Or. 2, 50, 204:

quem locum probandae virtutis tuae spectas?

do you seek? Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

noli spectare, quanti homo sit,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 4, § 14:

me spectasse semper, ut tibi possem quam maxime esse conjunctus,

id. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

ad imperatorias laudes,

id. Vatin. 10, 24:

ad suam magis gloriam quam ad salutem rei publicae,

id. Sest. 16, 37:

ad vitulam,

Verg. E. 3, 48:

cum plebes Nolana de integro ad defectionem spectaret,

Liv. 23, 16, 2; so id. 23, 6, 4:

ab scelere ad aliud spectare mulier scelus,

id. 1, 47, 1; 34, 56, 10.—Of subjects not personal:

et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,

Cic. Or. 59, 200:

ad arma rem spectare,

id. Fam. 14, 5, 1; cf.:

rem ad seditionem spectare,

Liv. 25, 3, 19:

ad vim spectare res coepit,

id. 1, 9, 6; cf.:

si ad perniciem patriae res spectabit,

Cic. Off. 2, 23, 90:

aliquid anquirunt, quod spectet et valeat ad bene beateque vivendum,

id. ib. 2, 2, 6:

ea non tam ad religionem spectant, quam ad jus sepulcrorum,

belong to, concern, id. Leg. 2, 23, 58:

quoniam de eo genere beneficiorum dictum est, quae ad singulos spectant: deinceps de iis, quae ad universos pertinent, disputandum est,

id. Off. 2, 21, 72; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 7: artem negabat esse ullam, nisi quae cognitis et in unum exitum spectantibus, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 92:

nostra consilia sempiternum tempus spectare debent,

id. ib. 2, 40, 169:

solvendi necessitas debitorem spectat,

Dig. 2, 14, 42:

res eo spectat, ut eā poenā non videamini esse contenti,

Cic. Lig. 5, 13:

hoc eo spectabat, ut eam (Pythiam) a Philippo corruptam diceret,

id. de Div. 2, 57, 118: summa judicii mei spectat huc, ut meorum injurias ferre possim, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 46:

quo igitur haec spectat oratio?

Cic. Att. 8, 2, 4; cf. id. Phil. 13, 20, 46:

quorsum haec omnis spectat oratio?

id. ib. 7, 9, 26 et saep.:

quia quicquid ad corpus spectat, et immortalitatis est expers, vanum sit,

Lact. 3, 12, 33.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To judge of; to try, test (syn. probo):

nemo illum ex trunco corporis spectabat, sed ex artificio comico aestimabat,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 10, 28:

alicujus animum ex animo suo,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 22:

non igitur ex singulis vocibus philosophi spectandi sunt, sed ex perpetuitate atque constantiā,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 10, 31:

ex meo otium tuum specto,

id. Att. 12, 39:

quod ego non tam fastidiose in nobis quam in histrionibus spectari puto,

id. de Or. 1, 61, 258:

ubi facillime spectatur mulier, quae ingenio'st bono?

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 59; cf.:

hominem in dubiis periclis,

Lucr. 3, 55:

beneficium a deteriore parte,

Sen. Ben. 2, 28, 2.—Hence, spectātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to II. B. 2.).

Tried, tested, proved (syn.: probatus, cognitus): tuam probatam et spectatam maxime adulescentiam, Lucil. ap. Non. 437, 14:

homines spectati et probati,

Cic. de Or. 1, 27, 124:

fides spectata et diu cognita,

id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11; Ov. P. 2, 7, 82:

pietas spectata per ignes,

id. F. 4, 37:

integritas,

Liv. 26, 49, 16; cf.:

homo in rebus judicandis spectatus et cognitus,

Cic. Verr. 1, 10, 29:

spectata ac nobilitata virtus,

id. Fl. 26, 63:

spectata multis magnisque rebus singularis integritas,

id. Phil. 3, 10, 26:

rebus spectata juventus,

Verg. A. 8, 151:

utebatur medico ignobili, sed spectato homine, Cleophanto,

id. Clu. 16, 47:

mores,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 1, 4:

ni virtus fidesque vestra spectata mihi forent,

Sall. C. 20, 2.— Sup.:

id cuique spectatissimum sit, quod occurrerit, etc.,

let that be the best test of each, Liv. 1, 57, 7.—With subject-clause:

mihi satis spectatum est, Pompeium malle principem volentibus vobis esse quam, etc.,

Sall. H. 3, 61, 23 Dietsch.—

In gen., looked up to, respected, esteemed, worthy, excellent:

fecere tale ante alii spectati viri,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 47:

in perfecto et spectato viro,

Cic. Lael. 2, 9:

homines,

id. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24:

castitas,

Liv. 1, 57, 10.— Comp.:

quo non spectatior alter,

Sil. 1, 440.— Sup.:

auctoritas clarissimi et spectatissimi viri atque in primis probati,

Cic. Fam. 5, 12, 7:

spectatissima femina,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 147.—Of things (Plinian):

paeninsula spectatior (with flumen clarum),

Plin. 4, 18, 32, § 107:

spectatius artificium,

id. 11, 1, 1, § 1:

spectatissima laurus,

id. 15, 30, 40, § 134.— Hence, adv.: spectātē, splendidly, excellently:

spectatissime florere,

Plin. 21, 1, 1, § 2:

spectatissime ministrere,

Amm. 28, 3, 9.

Alpes, ĭum (rare in sing., Alpis, is, = hê Alpis; cf. Rudd. I. p. 157, n. 78), f., = hai Alpeis [v. albus], High mountains; and kat exochên, the high mountains of Switzerland, the Alps, unknown to the Romans, in their whole extent, until the time of Augustus. The three principal ranges, running S.W. and N.E., are,

The western division between Italy and France.

Alpes Maritimae, the Maritime Alps, extending from the sources of the Var, in a S.E. direction, to the sea, between the present Nice and Piedmont. North of these are,

Alpes Cottiae (so called from Cottius, a prefect in that region under Augustus), the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest peak was Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genevre. Next to these, on the north.

Alpes Graiae (Graiae, a Celtic word of uncertain signif., sometimes falsely referred to Hercules Graius, Nep. Hann. 3, 4), the Graian Alps, extending to Mont Blanc (Alpis Graia is the Little St. Bernard).—

East of these, the middle division, as the northern boundary of Italy.

Alpes Penninae (so called from the deity Penninus, worshipped there; acc. to some, with the orthog. Poeninae, erroneously, with reference to Hannibal), the Pennine or Vallisian Alps, between Vallais and Upper Italy, whose highest peak, Mons Penninus, the Great St. Bernard, seems to have been out little known even in the time of Cæsar; v. Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—Connected with these on the N.E. are,

Alpes Lepontinae, the Lepontine Alps, the eastern continuation of which are,

Alpes Rhaeticae, the Rhœtian or Tyrolese Alps, extending to the Great Glockner.—

The eastern division.

Alpes Noricae, the Noric or Salzburg Alps. —

Alpes Carnicae, the Carnic Alps. —

Alpes Juliae (prob. so callea from the Forum Julii, situated near), the Julian Alps, extending to the Adriatic Sea and Illyria.—Cf. Mann Ital. I. p. 31 sq.; I p. 263; I. p. 271; I. p. 192; I. p. 189; id. Germ. p. 546:

Alpes aëriae,

Verg. G. 3, 474:

hibernae,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 41: gelidae. Luc. 1, 183: saevae Juv. 10, 166 al.—In sing.: quot in Alpe ferae. Ov. A. A. 3, 150: Alpis nubiferae colles. Luc. 1, 688:

opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque. Juv 10, 152: emissus ab Alpe,

Claud. B. Gild. 82; id. Cons. Stil. 3, 285.—

Appel. for any high mountain (only poet.):

gemmae Alpes,

the Alps and Pyrenees, Sil. 2, 833; Sid. Apol. 5, 593; Prud. steph. 3, 538.—Of Athos, Sid. Apol. 2, 510; 9, 43.

cŏm-ĭtĭum, ii, n. [locus a coëundo, id est insimul veniendo, est dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 38, 12 Müll.; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 155 id.: comitium ab eo quod coibant eo comitiis curiatis, et litium causā].

In sing., the place for the assembling of the Romans voting by the curiœ situated near the Forum, and separated from it by the ancient Rostra, but sometimes considered as a part of the Forum in a more extended sense (hence, in Dion. Halic. ho kratistos and o epiphanestatos tês agoras topos: IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO, XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20; Cic. Sest. 35, 75; id. Verr. 2, 1, 22, § 58; id. Brut. 84, 289; Liv. 1, 36, 5; 27, 36, 8; 10, 24, 18; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 9 et saep.; cf. Dict. of Antiq.—

Transf., any place of assembly out of Rome;

so of the Ephoreum at Sparta,

Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—

Trop.:

quod (es) esset animi vestibulum et orationis janua et cogitationum comitium,

App. Mag. 7, p. 278, 1; so, sacri pectoris, Mam. Grat. Act. ad Jul. 15.—

Plur.: cŏmĭtĭa (access. form cŏmĭtĭae, Fratr. Arval. ap. Marin. p. 43; Gloss. Labb. p. 33), the assembly of the Romans for electing magistrates, etc., the comitia. —The comitia were of three kinds.

Comitia curiata, the most ancient, voting by curiæ, held in the comitium (v. I.), gradually restricted by,

The Comitia centuriata, the proper assembly of the populus Romanus, voting by centuries, instituted by Servius Tullius, continuing through the whole time of the republic, commonly held in the Campus Martius (not in the comitium, as is asserted by many from the similarity of the name; cf.

campus, II.),

Gell. 15, 27, 2 sqq.; Cic. Agr. 2, 11, 27; id. Dom. 14, 38; Liv. 5, 52, 15; cf. Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 44.—

Comitia tributa, voting by tribes, and commonly held in the Forum, but in choosing magistrates, freq. in the Campus Martius, convened for the first time in the trial of Coriolanus, two years after the introduction of the office of tribune of the people. In them the inferior magistrates (ædiles, tribunes of the people, quæstors), and, later, the Pontifex Maximus also, were chosen, Cic. Leg. 3, 19, 45; id. Agr. 2, 11, 27; Liv. 2, 58, 1; 2, 60, 4; Gell. 15, 27, 3; cf.

Dict. of Antiq.—Upon the comitia calata, v. 1, calo.—The usual t. t. for holding such comitia is: comitia habere,

Cic. Div. 2, 18, 43; freq. in all periods;

they were designated according to the magistrates who were to be chosen in them, as consularia,

Cic. Verr. 1, 6, 17; id. Mur. 18, 38:

praetoria,

Liv. 10, 22, 8:

tribunicia,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 1; Liv. 6, 39, 11:

militaria,

Liv. 3, 51, 8:

quaestoria,

Cic. Fam. 7, 30, 1; cf.

also: comitia consulum,

Liv. 3, 20, 8; and:

comitia fiunt regi creando,

id. 1, 35, 1:

edicere comitia consulibus creandis,

id. 3, 37, 5:

comitia conficere,

Cic. Fam. 10, 36, 12:

differre,

Liv. 6, 37, 12:

dimittere,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

ducere,

id. ib. 4, 15, 7:

inire,

Suet. Vesp. 5.—

Transf., of other elections, out of Rome, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 129; Liv. 42, 43, 7; Tab. Heracl. v. 24 sq.—

Trop.:

ibo intro, ubi de capite meo sunt comitia, i. e.,

where my fate is deciding, Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 20:

Pseudulus mihi centuriata capitis habuit comitia,

id. Ps. 4, 7, 134:

meo illic nunc sunt capiti comitia,

id. Truc. 4, 3, 45.

rēgĭus, a, um, adj. [rex], of or belonging to a king, kingly, royal, regal.

Lit.:

cum esset habendus rex, quicumque genere regio natus esset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

potestas,

id. ib. 2, 9, 15; 2, 23, 43;

2, 32, 56: nomen,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

2, 28, 51: civitas,

id. ib. 2, 29, 52:

insignia,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

ornatus,

id. ib. 2, 21, 38; id. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

apparatus,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

exercitus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

praefectus,

id. ib. 3, 104 et saep.: anni, i. e. the reign of the kings (at Rome), Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 29; 2, 30, 53:

auctio,

i. e. of royal property, Plin. 29, 4, 30, § 96:

ales,

i. e. the eagle, Ov. M. 4, 362:

genus imperii proximum similitudini regiae,

very much resembling regal power, Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

bellum,

with a king, id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

regios nutus tueri,

purposes, id. Fam 12, 1, 1:

regia, crede mihi, res est succurrere lapsis,

befitting kings, Ov. P. 2, 9, 11; cf.:

regia res scelus est,

id. F. 6, 595:

sponsus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10:

genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15:

sanguis,

id. ib. 3, 27, 65:

stirps,

Curt. 6, 2, 8:

virgo,

princess, Ov. M. 2, 570; 13, 523:

puer,

Verg. A. 1, 677:

conjux,

id. ib. 2, 783:

parens,

Ov. M. 13, 484:

legatio,

Liv. 35, 32:

imperium,

Sen. Med. 189:

cohors,

Curt. 10, 7, 16:

interitus regii,

Val. Max. 1, 8, 11: superbum [p. 1551] istud et regium, nisi, etc., Plin. Pan. 7, 6.—Hence, esp.:

lex regia,

a law investing the emperor with all the power and authority of the Roman people, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6 Sandars ad loc.—As subst.

Rē-gĭi, ōrum, m.

(Sc. milites.) The royal troops, the king ' s soldiers, Nep. Dat. 1, 4.—

The satraps of the king, the nobles of the royal court, Nep. Ages. 8, 3.—

rēgĭa, ae, f.

(Sc. domus.) A royal palace, castle, fortress, residence, the court (cf.:

aula, palatium): in regia regem ipsum quasi productum esse ad dignitatem,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52; Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

in vestibulo regiae,

Liv. 1, 40:

exaedificata,

id. 35, 31:

regiam occupare,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 6; Ov. F. 4, 599:

opulenta,

Cat. 62, 44:

Polycratis regia,

Suet. Calig. 21.—

In partic., the royal castle of Numa, situated on the Sacra Via, close by the temple of Vesta, used subsequently for priestly purposes (for appointed sacrifices, for meetings of the priests, as a residence of the Pontifex, etc.): haec est a sacris quae via nomen habet; Hic locus est Vestae, qui Pallada servat et ignem;

Hic fuit antiqui regia parva Numae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. F. 6, 264; Varr. L. L. 6, § 12 Müll.; Fest. p. 178 ib.; Macr. S. 1, 15; 16; S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 363; Cic. Mil. 14, 37 Ascon.; id. Att. 10, 3, a, 1; Plin. 34, 8, 18, § 48 al.— Hence, atrium regium, the hall of this regia, Liv. 26, 27, 3.—

Transf.

The royal tent in a camp, Liv. 2, 12, 10; cf.:

armatus exercitus regiam obsedit,

Curt. 9, 5, 30; 6, 2, 9:

vestibulum regiae,

id. 7, 1, 4. —

The court, i. e. the royal family, the king and his courtiers (cf. aula;

first under Aug.): tulit et Romana regia sceleris tragici exemplum,

Liv. 1, 46:

quicunque propinquitate regiam contigisset,

id. 24, 22 fin.; Tac. A. 6, 34:

Callistus prioris quoque regiae peritus,

id. ib. 11, 29; cf. id. ib. 14, 13; Petr. poët. 5, 4; Curt. 6, 6, 2.—

Poet., like aula, a court for the cattle, cattle-yard:

gregis regia,

Val. Fl. 5, 67.—

(Sc. urbs.) A royal city, residence, capital ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

Croesi regia Sardes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 2:

non haec dotalis regia Amatae, i. e. Laurentum,

Verg. A. 9, 737:

Caesarea, Jubae regia,

Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20.—

A pure Lat. name for basilica, a colonnade, portico, hall (not ante-Aug.): dum lectica ex regiā domum redeo, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 76:

theatri,

Suet. Aug. 31 fin.; Ascon. ap. Cic. Aem. Scaur. § 45 (p. 27 Orell.); cf. Vitr. 5, 7 fin.; Stat. S. 1, 1, 30. —

A pure Lat. name for the plant basilisca (v. h. v.), App. Herb. 128. —

Trop., royal, regal, princely, splendid, magnificent, distinguished (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the class. regalis):

forma,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 10:

moles,

splendid edifices, Hor. C. 2, 15, 1:

vestis,

Vulg. Act. 12, 21.—

As an epithet of any remarkable production of nature or art: olea,

Col. 5, 8, 3; 12, 49, 2; 7:

pira,

id. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56;

laurus,

id. 15, 30, 39, § 129:

charta,

Cat. 22, 6 et saep.: regius morbus, the jaundice (because it was said to be cured by delicate remedies, by exciting to cheerfulness, etc.), Cels. 3, 24; Varr. ap. Plin. 22, 24, 53, § 114; Ser. Samm. 58, 1033; Hor. A. P. 453: regia stella, a large star in the constellation Leo, now called Regulus, Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 235. — Hence, adv.: rēgĭē, royally, regally, splendidly, sumptuously, magnificently; imperiously, despotically:

accubabo regie,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10:

quae regie seu potius tyrannice statuit in aratores Apronius,

imperiously, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

crudeliter et regie factum,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30.

rēgĭus, a, um, adj. [rex], of or belonging to a king, kingly, royal, regal.

Lit.:

cum esset habendus rex, quicumque genere regio natus esset,

Cic. Rep. 1, 33, 50:

potestas,

id. ib. 2, 9, 15; 2, 23, 43;

2, 32, 56: nomen,

id. ib. 2, 23, 43;

2, 28, 51: civitas,

id. ib. 2, 29, 52:

insignia,

id. ib. 2, 17, 31:

ornatus,

id. ib. 2, 21, 38; id. Tusc. 1, 48, 116:

apparatus,

id. Rep. 6, 10, 10:

exercitus,

Caes. B. C. 3, 104:

praefectus,

id. ib. 3, 104 et saep.: anni, i. e. the reign of the kings (at Rome), Cic. Rep. 2, 15, 29; 2, 30, 53:

auctio,

i. e. of royal property, Plin. 29, 4, 30, § 96:

ales,

i. e. the eagle, Ov. M. 4, 362:

genus imperii proximum similitudini regiae,

very much resembling regal power, Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

bellum,

with a king, id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

regios nutus tueri,

purposes, id. Fam 12, 1, 1:

regia, crede mihi, res est succurrere lapsis,

befitting kings, Ov. P. 2, 9, 11; cf.:

regia res scelus est,

id. F. 6, 595:

sponsus,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 10:

genus,

id. ib. 2, 4, 15:

sanguis,

id. ib. 3, 27, 65:

stirps,

Curt. 6, 2, 8:

virgo,

princess, Ov. M. 2, 570; 13, 523:

puer,

Verg. A. 1, 677:

conjux,

id. ib. 2, 783:

parens,

Ov. M. 13, 484:

legatio,

Liv. 35, 32:

imperium,

Sen. Med. 189:

cohors,

Curt. 10, 7, 16:

interitus regii,

Val. Max. 1, 8, 11: superbum [p. 1551] istud et regium, nisi, etc., Plin. Pan. 7, 6.—Hence, esp.:

lex regia,

a law investing the emperor with all the power and authority of the Roman people, Just. Inst. 1, 2, 6 Sandars ad loc.—As subst.

Rē-gĭi, ōrum, m.

(Sc. milites.) The royal troops, the king ' s soldiers, Nep. Dat. 1, 4.—

The satraps of the king, the nobles of the royal court, Nep. Ages. 8, 3.—

rēgĭa, ae, f.

(Sc. domus.) A royal palace, castle, fortress, residence, the court (cf.:

aula, palatium): in regia regem ipsum quasi productum esse ad dignitatem,

Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 52; Caes. B. C. 3, 112:

in vestibulo regiae,

Liv. 1, 40:

exaedificata,

id. 35, 31:

regiam occupare,

Hor. C. 2, 18, 6; Ov. F. 4, 599:

opulenta,

Cat. 62, 44:

Polycratis regia,

Suet. Calig. 21.—

In partic., the royal castle of Numa, situated on the Sacra Via, close by the temple of Vesta, used subsequently for priestly purposes (for appointed sacrifices, for meetings of the priests, as a residence of the Pontifex, etc.): haec est a sacris quae via nomen habet; Hic locus est Vestae, qui Pallada servat et ignem;

Hic fuit antiqui regia parva Numae,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 30; cf. id. F. 6, 264; Varr. L. L. 6, § 12 Müll.; Fest. p. 178 ib.; Macr. S. 1, 15; 16; S. C. ap. Gell. 4, 6, 2; Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6; Serv. Verg. A. 8, 363; Cic. Mil. 14, 37 Ascon.; id. Att. 10, 3, a, 1; Plin. 34, 8, 18, § 48 al.— Hence, atrium regium, the hall of this regia, Liv. 26, 27, 3.—

Transf.

The royal tent in a camp, Liv. 2, 12, 10; cf.:

armatus exercitus regiam obsedit,

Curt. 9, 5, 30; 6, 2, 9:

vestibulum regiae,

id. 7, 1, 4. —

The court, i. e. the royal family, the king and his courtiers (cf. aula;

first under Aug.): tulit et Romana regia sceleris tragici exemplum,

Liv. 1, 46:

quicunque propinquitate regiam contigisset,

id. 24, 22 fin.; Tac. A. 6, 34:

Callistus prioris quoque regiae peritus,

id. ib. 11, 29; cf. id. ib. 14, 13; Petr. poët. 5, 4; Curt. 6, 6, 2.—

Poet., like aula, a court for the cattle, cattle-yard:

gregis regia,

Val. Fl. 5, 67.—

(Sc. urbs.) A royal city, residence, capital ( poet. and in postAug. prose):

Croesi regia Sardes,

Hor. Ep. 1, 11, 2:

non haec dotalis regia Amatae, i. e. Laurentum,

Verg. A. 9, 737:

Caesarea, Jubae regia,

Plin. 5, 2, 1, § 20.—

A pure Lat. name for basilica, a colonnade, portico, hall (not ante-Aug.): dum lectica ex regiā domum redeo, Aug. ap. Suet. Aug. 76:

theatri,

Suet. Aug. 31 fin.; Ascon. ap. Cic. Aem. Scaur. § 45 (p. 27 Orell.); cf. Vitr. 5, 7 fin.; Stat. S. 1, 1, 30. —

A pure Lat. name for the plant basilisca (v. h. v.), App. Herb. 128. —

Trop., royal, regal, princely, splendid, magnificent, distinguished (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the class. regalis):

forma,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 10:

moles,

splendid edifices, Hor. C. 2, 15, 1:

vestis,

Vulg. Act. 12, 21.—

As an epithet of any remarkable production of nature or art: olea,

Col. 5, 8, 3; 12, 49, 2; 7:

pira,

id. 5, 10, 18; 12, 10, 4; Plin. 15, 15, 16, § 56;

laurus,

id. 15, 30, 39, § 129:

charta,

Cat. 22, 6 et saep.: regius morbus, the jaundice (because it was said to be cured by delicate remedies, by exciting to cheerfulness, etc.), Cels. 3, 24; Varr. ap. Plin. 22, 24, 53, § 114; Ser. Samm. 58, 1033; Hor. A. P. 453: regia stella, a large star in the constellation Leo, now called Regulus, Plin. 18, 26, 64, § 235. — Hence, adv.: rēgĭē, royally, regally, splendidly, sumptuously, magnificently; imperiously, despotically:

accubabo regie,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 2, 53:

regie polita aedificia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10:

quae regie seu potius tyrannice statuit in aratores Apronius,

imperiously, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 48, § 115:

crudeliter et regie factum,

id. Cat. 1, 12, 30.

Ōcĕănus, i, m. (rarely Ōcĕănum, i, n.), = Ôkeanos, the great sea that encompasses the land, the ocean:

omnis terra parva quaedam insula est, circumfusa illo mari, quod Atlanticum, quod magnum, quem Oceanum appellatis in terris,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21: Oceanum rubra obruit aethra, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. p. 418 Vahl.):

Oceani ostium,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207:

Oceani freta,

i. e. the Strait of Gades, Strait of Gibraltar, id. Tusc. 1, 20, 45; cf. id. N. D. 3, 10, 24:

quae sunt maritimae civitates Oceanumque attingunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 34:

circumvagus,

circumfluent, Hor. Epod. 16, 41; cf.

circumfusus,

Rutil. 1, 56:

dissociabilis,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 22:

beluosus,

id. ib. 4, 14, 48:

ruber,

id. ib. 1, 35, 32.—The form Oceanum, n., is found only in apposition with mare:

quam (insulam) mare Oceanum circumluit,

Tac. H. 4, 12.—In acc.:

proximus mare Oceanum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2; cf.:

se in nostrum et Oceanum mare extendit,

Mel. 2, 6, 2.—In dat.:

mari Oceano,

Amm. 23, 6, 12.—In abl.:

mari Oceano aut amnibus longinquis saeptum imperium,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—(Supposed examples of the adjectival use of Oceanus, as Oceano fluctu and litore, in Juv. 11, 94 and 113 Jan; Oceanas aquas, Ven. Carm. 3, 9, 4;

Oceanis aquis,

id. ib. 7, 12, 56, are dub.; several edd. read in Juv., Oceani; and in Ven., in the first passage, Oceanus, and in the second, Oceani.)—

Personified, as a deity, the son of Cœlus and Terra, the husband of Tethys, and the father of the rivers and nymphs, Cic. Univ. 11; id. N. D. 3, 19, 48; Hyg. Fab. praef.; Cat. 88, 6.—The ancient philosophers regard water as the primary element of all things;

hence: Oceanumque patrem rerum,

Verg. G. 4, 382.—

Transf.

A large bathing-tub (postclass.), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25, 5.—

A Roman surname, Mart. 3, 95, 10; 5, 27, 4; 6, 9, 2; Inscr. Murat. 1453.—

Hence, ‡

Ōcĕănensis, e, adj., of or belonging to the ocean, situated by the sea-side, Eckhel. D. N. 8, p. 110.—

Ōcĕănītis, ĭdis, f., a daughter of Ocean:

Clioque et Beroe soror, Oceanitides ambae,

Verg. G. 4, 341; Hyg. Fab. praef.

Ōcĕănus, i, m. (rarely Ōcĕănum, i, n.), = Ôkeanos, the great sea that encompasses the land, the ocean:

omnis terra parva quaedam insula est, circumfusa illo mari, quod Atlanticum, quod magnum, quem Oceanum appellatis in terris,

Cic. Rep. 6, 20, 21: Oceanum rubra obruit aethra, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 4 (Ann. p. 418 Vahl.):

Oceani ostium,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; cf. id. Verr. 2, 3, 89, § 207:

Oceani freta,

i. e. the Strait of Gades, Strait of Gibraltar, id. Tusc. 1, 20, 45; cf. id. N. D. 3, 10, 24:

quae sunt maritimae civitates Oceanumque attingunt,

Caes. B. G. 2, 34:

circumvagus,

circumfluent, Hor. Epod. 16, 41; cf.

circumfusus,

Rutil. 1, 56:

dissociabilis,

Hor. C. 1, 3, 22:

beluosus,

id. ib. 4, 14, 48:

ruber,

id. ib. 1, 35, 32.—The form Oceanum, n., is found only in apposition with mare:

quam (insulam) mare Oceanum circumluit,

Tac. H. 4, 12.—In acc.:

proximus mare Oceanum,

Caes. B. G. 3, 7, 2; cf.:

se in nostrum et Oceanum mare extendit,

Mel. 2, 6, 2.—In dat.:

mari Oceano,

Amm. 23, 6, 12.—In abl.:

mari Oceano aut amnibus longinquis saeptum imperium,

Tac. A. 1, 9.—(Supposed examples of the adjectival use of Oceanus, as Oceano fluctu and litore, in Juv. 11, 94 and 113 Jan; Oceanas aquas, Ven. Carm. 3, 9, 4;

Oceanis aquis,

id. ib. 7, 12, 56, are dub.; several edd. read in Juv., Oceani; and in Ven., in the first passage, Oceanus, and in the second, Oceani.)—

Personified, as a deity, the son of Cœlus and Terra, the husband of Tethys, and the father of the rivers and nymphs, Cic. Univ. 11; id. N. D. 3, 19, 48; Hyg. Fab. praef.; Cat. 88, 6.—The ancient philosophers regard water as the primary element of all things;

hence: Oceanumque patrem rerum,

Verg. G. 4, 382.—

Transf.

A large bathing-tub (postclass.), Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25, 5.—

A Roman surname, Mart. 3, 95, 10; 5, 27, 4; 6, 9, 2; Inscr. Murat. 1453.—

Hence, ‡

Ōcĕănensis, e, adj., of or belonging to the ocean, situated by the sea-side, Eckhel. D. N. 8, p. 110.—

Ōcĕănītis, ĭdis, f., a daughter of Ocean:

Clioque et Beroe soror, Oceanitides ambae,

Verg. G. 4, 341; Hyg. Fab. praef.

Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

Parthis mendacior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

ecce! fugax Parthus,

Ov. R. Am. 155:

versis animosus equis,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,

Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

eques,

Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

manu,

id. F. 5, 580:

rex,

Juv. 6, 407.—

Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—

Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

equitatus,

Flor. 4, 9, 3:

regnum,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

bellum,

with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

damna,

Luc. 1, 106:

pellis,

leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

hence, too: cingula,

of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —

Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—

Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —

Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

PRAETOR,

one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

Parthis mendacior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

ecce! fugax Parthus,

Ov. R. Am. 155:

versis animosus equis,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,

Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

eques,

Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

manu,

id. F. 5, 580:

rex,

Juv. 6, 407.—

Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—

Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

equitatus,

Flor. 4, 9, 3:

regnum,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

bellum,

with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

damna,

Luc. 1, 106:

pellis,

leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

hence, too: cingula,

of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —

Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—

Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —

Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

PRAETOR,

one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

Parthis mendacior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

ecce! fugax Parthus,

Ov. R. Am. 155:

versis animosus equis,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,

Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

eques,

Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

manu,

id. F. 5, 580:

rex,

Juv. 6, 407.—

Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—

Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

equitatus,

Flor. 4, 9, 3:

regnum,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

bellum,

with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

damna,

Luc. 1, 106:

pellis,

leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

hence, too: cingula,

of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —

Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—

Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —

Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

PRAETOR,

one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

Parthis mendacior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

ecce! fugax Parthus,

Ov. R. Am. 155:

versis animosus equis,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,

Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

eques,

Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

manu,

id. F. 5, 580:

rex,

Juv. 6, 407.—

Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—

Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

equitatus,

Flor. 4, 9, 3:

regnum,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

bellum,

with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

damna,

Luc. 1, 106:

pellis,

leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

hence, too: cingula,

of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —

Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—

Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —

Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

PRAETOR,

one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

Parthis mendacior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

ecce! fugax Parthus,

Ov. R. Am. 155:

versis animosus equis,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,

Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

eques,

Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

manu,

id. F. 5, 580:

rex,

Juv. 6, 407.—

Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—

Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

equitatus,

Flor. 4, 9, 3:

regnum,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

bellum,

with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

damna,

Luc. 1, 106:

pellis,

leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

hence, too: cingula,

of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —

Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—

Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —

Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

PRAETOR,

one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

Parthi, ōrum, m., = Parthoi, the Parthians, a Scythian people, situated to the north-east of the passes of the Caspian and south of Hyrcania, famed in antiquity as roving warriors and skilful archers, Just. 41, 1, 2; Cic. Att. 5, 18, 1; id. Phil. 11, 14; Verg. G. 4, 314; Hor. C. 2, 13, 18; id. S. 2, 1, 15; Ov. A. A. 1, 209:

Parthis mendacior,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 112; Tac. A. 2, 1; 6, 34; Vulg. Act. 2, 9.—In sing., Inscr. Orell. 2982.— Collect., the Parthian, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 5, 1:

ecce! fugax Parthus,

Ov. R. Am. 155:

versis animosus equis,

Hor. C. 1, 19, 12.—Hence,

Parthus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian:

eques,

Cic. Fam. 9, 25, 1; Ov. Tr. 2, 228:

manu,

id. F. 5, 580:

rex,

Juv. 6, 407.—

Parthĭa, ae, f., = Parthia, the country of the Parthians, Parthia, the mod. Kohestan, Plin. 6, 15, 17, § 44; Luc. 8, 350.—

Par-thĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Parthians, Parthian, Parthic:

equitatus,

Flor. 4, 9, 3:

regnum,

Plin. 37, 2, 8, § 2:

bellum,

with the Parthians, Cic. Fam. 2, 10, 2; 12, 19, 2:

damna,

Luc. 1, 106:

pellis,

leather dyed of a scarlet-red, prepared by the Parthians, Dig. 39, 4, 16, § 7;

hence, too: cingula,

of Parthian leather, Claud. Rapt. Pros. 2, 94: PARTHICVS as a surname of the emperor Trajan, Inscr. Orell. 795 sq.; of the emperor Septimius Severus, ib. 905 sq. —

Parthĭēnē, ēs, f., for Parthia, the [p. 1308] country of the Parthians, Parthiene, Parthia, Curt. 6, 2, 12; 6, 3, 3 et saep.—

Parthĭēni, ōrum, another name for Parthi, the Parthians, Curt. 4, 12, 11; 9, 10, 17. —

Parthĭcārĭus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to Parthian peltry or wares: negotiatores, Imp. Const. Cod. Just. 10, 47, 7:

PRAETOR,

one who had jurisdiction over the dealers in Parthian peltry, Inscr. Grut. 350, 7.

con-flŭo, xi, 3 (confluxet = confluxisset, Lucr. 1, 987), v. n., to flow or run together (class. in prose and poetry).

Prop.:

materies umoris,

Lucr. 6, 637:

in imum,

id. 5, 498:

copia materiai Undique confluxet ad imum,

id. 1, 987:

confluat aër,

id. 1, 389 al.:

Fibrenus divisus aequaliter in duas partes cito in unum confluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ibi Isara Rhodanusque amnes... confluunt in unum,

Liv. 21, 31, 4:

qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117:

vasti amnes e diverso in Phasin confluunt,

Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 13:

qualis et in curvum pontus confluxerit orbem,

Tib. 4, 1, 20:

Panticapen confluere infra Olbiam cum Borysthene,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83: a confluente Rhodano castra movi, i. e. where it unites with the Saōne, Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1:

aqua in rivum confluit,

Dig. 8, 3, 20, § 1.—Hence,

conflŭens, entis, or conflŭentes, ium, subst. m., the place where two rivers unite, the confluence:

cum ad confluentem Mosae et Rheni pervenissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15.—In sing., Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 122:

a confluente supra dicto,

id. 3, 26, 29, § 149; Just. 32, 3, 8:

ubi Anienem transiit, ad confluentes collocat castra,

at the confluence of the Anio with the Tiber, Liv. 1, 27, 4; 4, 17, 2; id. Epit. 137; Plin. 6, 26, 31, § 126; Tac. H. 2, 40 al.—Hence, kat exochên, Conflŭentes, ium, the town of Coblentz, situated at the confluence of the Moselle with the Rhine, Suet. Calig. 8; Flor. 4, 6, 3; Amm. 16, 3, 1.—

Trop., of other objects, esp. of a great multitude, to flock or crowd together, to come together in multitudes:

multi confluxerunt et Athenas et in hanc urbem,

Cic. Brut. 74, 258:

perfugarum magnus ad eum cotidie numerus confluebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 44:

ut ad ejus triremem vulgus conflueret,

Nep. Alcib. 6, 1:

ad spectacula,

Suet. Caes. 39:

Neapolin,

id. Ner. 20:

plures ad haec studia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

undique ad eum auxiliis confluentibus,

Vell. 2, 55, 2; 2, 80, 4.— Absol.:

multitudo confluens,

Suet. Caes. 16:

turba undique confluentis fluctuantisque populi,

Gell. 10, 6, 2:

ut nos dicamur duo Omnium dignissimi quo cruciatus confluant,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 48; cf. id. Ep. 4, 1, 3.—

With abstr. subjects:

maeror,

Lucr. 6, 1260:

ad ipsos laus, honos, dignitas confluit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 4, 5:

ut ad nos pleraeque (causae) confluant, etc.,

id. Planc. 34, 84; Ov. M. 9, 741; Suet. Tib. 10.

con-flŭo, xi, 3 (confluxet = confluxisset, Lucr. 1, 987), v. n., to flow or run together (class. in prose and poetry).

Prop.:

materies umoris,

Lucr. 6, 637:

in imum,

id. 5, 498:

copia materiai Undique confluxet ad imum,

id. 1, 987:

confluat aër,

id. 1, 389 al.:

Fibrenus divisus aequaliter in duas partes cito in unum confluit,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 6:

ibi Isara Rhodanusque amnes... confluunt in unum,

Liv. 21, 31, 4:

qui (portus) cum diversos inter se aditus habeant, in exitu conjunguntur et confluunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 52, § 117:

vasti amnes e diverso in Phasin confluunt,

Plin. 6, 4, 4, § 13:

qualis et in curvum pontus confluxerit orbem,

Tib. 4, 1, 20:

Panticapen confluere infra Olbiam cum Borysthene,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 83: a confluente Rhodano castra movi, i. e. where it unites with the Saōne, Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1:

aqua in rivum confluit,

Dig. 8, 3, 20, § 1.—Hence,

conflŭens, entis, or conflŭentes, ium, subst. m., the place where two rivers unite, the confluence:

cum ad confluentem Mosae et Rheni pervenissent,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15.—In sing., Plin. 6, 26, 30, § 122:

a confluente supra dicto,

id. 3, 26, 29, § 149; Just. 32, 3, 8:

ubi Anienem transiit, ad confluentes collocat castra,

at the confluence of the Anio with the Tiber, Liv. 1, 27, 4; 4, 17, 2; id. Epit. 137; Plin. 6, 26, 31, § 126; Tac. H. 2, 40 al.—Hence, kat exochên, Conflŭentes, ium, the town of Coblentz, situated at the confluence of the Moselle with the Rhine, Suet. Calig. 8; Flor. 4, 6, 3; Amm. 16, 3, 1.—

Trop., of other objects, esp. of a great multitude, to flock or crowd together, to come together in multitudes:

multi confluxerunt et Athenas et in hanc urbem,

Cic. Brut. 74, 258:

perfugarum magnus ad eum cotidie numerus confluebat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 44:

ut ad ejus triremem vulgus conflueret,

Nep. Alcib. 6, 1:

ad spectacula,

Suet. Caes. 39:

Neapolin,

id. Ner. 20:

plures ad haec studia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 2, 6:

undique ad eum auxiliis confluentibus,

Vell. 2, 55, 2; 2, 80, 4.— Absol.:

multitudo confluens,

Suet. Caes. 16:

turba undique confluentis fluctuantisque populi,

Gell. 10, 6, 2:

ut nos dicamur duo Omnium dignissimi quo cruciatus confluant,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 48; cf. id. Ep. 4, 1, 3.—

With abstr. subjects:

maeror,

Lucr. 6, 1260:

ad ipsos laus, honos, dignitas confluit,

Cic. Inv. 1, 4, 5:

ut ad nos pleraeque (causae) confluant, etc.,

id. Planc. 34, 84; Ov. M. 9, 741; Suet. Tib. 10.

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.

Cŏrinthus, i (nom. Gr. Corinthos, Ov. M. 6, 416; acc. Gr. Corinthon, id. F. 4, 501; Mart. 9, 60; 10, 68), f. ( masc., Inscr. Fratr. Arval. p. 30 Marin.: CORINTO DELETO), = Korinthos, Corinth, a celebrated commercial city in the Peloponnesus, pillaged and destroyed by Mummius, now the village Corinto or Gereme; it was situated on the Isthmus (hence, bimaris, Hor. C. 1, 7, 2; Ov. M. 5, 407; id. F. 4, 501; and:

bimaris terra,

Sen. Oedip. 282), Mel. 2, 3, 7; Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11; Flor. 2, 16; Plaut. Merc. 3, 4, 61; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 44 et saep.; Cic. Tusc. 3, 12, 27 al.—Prov. of an entrance into the harbor of Corinth, dangerous to ships: non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum (in acc. with the Gr. Ou pantos andros es Korinthon esth ho plous, Gell. 1, 8, 4), Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36; acc. to others this proverb is supposed to refer to the expense of living at Corinth.—

Meton., poet., vessels made of Corinthian brass (cf. infra, II. A. 2.):

captivum portatur ebur, captiva Corinthus,

an entire Corinth, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 193 (vasa Corinthia, ex aere Corinthio facta, Schol.).—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭus, a, um, Corinthian.

In gen.:

ager optimus et fructuosissimus,

Cic. Agr. 1, 2, 5:

sinus,

the Gulf of Corinth, Liv. 44, 1, 4; cf.

isthmus,

Sen. Thyest. 124:

columnae,

of the Corinthian order, Vitr. 4, 1; Plin. 36, 23, 56, § 178; cf. O. Müll. Archaeol. §§ 53, 108, and 275.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭi, ōrum, m., the Corinthians, Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 262; Nep. Timol. 2, 1; Liv. 32, 17, 3 et saep.; in sing., Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 207.—

Esp.: Corinthium aes, an alloy of gold, silver, and copper, very much valued in antiquity, and much used for costly ornaments, etc., Plin. 34, 2, 3, § 6 sq.; Flor. 2, 16, 6 Duker.; Cic. Att. 2, 1, 11; cf.:

nobilis aere Corinthos,

Ov. M. 6, 416; and poet. for great wealth, Prop. 3 (4), 5, 6.—Hence, vasa, made of it, Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 143; id. Verr. 2, 2, 19, § 46; Suet. Tib. 34 al.:

opus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44, § 97:

supellex,

id. ib. 2, 2, 34, § 83; and subst.: Cŏrinthĭa, ōrum, n. (sc. vasa), works of art made of it, id. Tusc. 2, 14, 32; Suet. Aug. 70 al.—Hence,

Cŏrinthĭārĭus, ii, m.

A worker in Corinthian brass; sarcast. appel. of Augustus, on account of his love of splendor, Auct. ap. Suet. Aug. 70.—

An inspector of Corinthian vessels, Inscr. Grut. 639, 7 sq. —

Cŏrinthĭăcus, a, um, adj., Corinthian:

sinus,

Liv. 26, 26, 2; Plin. 4, 4, 5, §§

10 and 11: Corinthiaci ponti litora,

Ov. M. 15, 507.—

Cŏrinthĭensis, e, adj., Corinthian (very rare):

fons Pirene,

Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 23:

litus,

Tac. A. 5, 10.— Subst.: Cŏrinthĭenses, ium, m., colonists: Corinthienses ex eo dici coeperunt, ex quo coloni Corinthum sunt deducti, qui ante Corinthii sunt dicti, Paul. ex Fest. p. 60, 11 Müll. ad loc.